Upon Paul's arrival in Jerusalem, he gave the apostles his account of bringing Gentiles to the faith. According to Acts, James the Just confronted Paul with the charge that he was teaching the Jews to ignore the law and asked him to demonstrate that he was Torah observant by taking a Nazirite vow (Acts 21:26). However, that Paul did so is difficult to reconcile with his personally expressed attitude both in Galatians and Philippians, where he utterly opposed any idea that the law was binding on Christians, declaring that even Peter did not live by the law (Galatians 2:14). Various attempts have been made to reconcile Paul's views as expressed in his different letters and in Acts, notably the 1910 Catholic Encyclopedia article on Judaizers states:
"Paul, on the other hand, not only did not object to the observance of the Mosaic Law, as long as it did not interfere with the liberty of the Gentiles, but he conformed to its prescriptions when occasion required (1Corinthians 9:20). Thus he shortly after [the Council of Jerusalem] circumcised Timothy (Acts 16:1–3), and he was in the very act of observing the Mosaic ritual when he was arrested at Jerusalem (21:26 sqq.)."

St. Paul the Apostle the "Apostle to the Gentiles" was, together with St.Peter, the most notable of Early Christian missionaries. Unlike the Twelve Apostles, Paul did not know Jesus in life; he came to faith through a vision of the risen Jesus and stressed that his apostolic authority was based on his vision. As he wrote, he "received it by revelation from Jesus Christ" (Galatians 1:11-12); according to Acts, his conversion took place as he was traveling the road to Damascus.
Paul is the second most prolific contributor to the New Testament Thirteen letters are attributed to him with varying degrees of confidence. Paul's influence on Christian thinking has, arguably, been more significant than any other single New Testament author. His influence on the main strands of Christian thought has been massive: from St. Augustine of Hippo to the controversies between Gottschalk and Hincmar of Reims; between Thomism and Molinism; Martin Luther, John Calvin and the Arminians; to Jansenism and the Jesuit theologians, and even to the German church of the twentieth century through the writings of the scholar Karl Barth, whose commentary on the Letter to the Romans had a political as well as theological impact.

The Vatican has announced that in order to commemorate the 2000th anniversary of the Birth of St. Paul the Apostle that during the celebration of the first Evening Vespers of the Solemnity of Sts Peter and Paul on June 28, 2007, Pope Benedict XVI will dedicate June 29th, 2008-June 29th, 2009 as the Year of St. Paul.